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15 Phrases That Make You See Yourself As A Better Person

15 Phrases That Make You See Yourself As A Better Person

With a negative self-perception, you’ll struggle to see the good around you. You’ll also have a hard time handling unavoidable challenges that come in life. Plus, you’ll likely suffer from low self-esteem and confidence. How do you fix it? Try these daily affirmations–here’s why it’s essential.

Your self-perception at work is just as important as how you view yourself in your personal life. Improving how you see yourself can help you improve your performance and accept new opportunities. Additionally, your perception of yourself can affect how well you do in life.

These affirmations help improve your self-perception. These phrases can change your life if you struggle with thinking positively about yourself. However, if you typically have a positive mindset but have had a rough time lately, these daily affirmations will help you, too.

Positive phrases can help improve your self-esteem and allow you to see the great things about who you are. After using them, you’ll notice a calmer mind and healthier thoughts of yourself. They’ll also help you identify negative self-talk and replace it with positivity.

Fifteen Daily Affirmations That Can Improve Your Self-Perception

self-perception

  1. I am confident in my abilities and open to new opportunities.

New opportunities give you the chance to grow and develop your strengths. They also allow you to showcase your strengths for yourself and others.

When you know what you can accomplish, your self-perception will increase dramatically. Plus, allowing others to see your strengths will make you feel more confident. You’ll begin seeing yourself in a new light as your talents come to light.

  1. I have everything it takes to lead a successful life.

This positive phrase can help you look within and see what you can accomplish. You have what it takes to do anything, so don’t let your negative thoughts convince you otherwise.

When you remember that you can become successful, you’ll start seeing all the opportunities around you. Plus, you’ll be more driven to push through obstacles because you know that you can do anything.

  1. I can achieve anything I set my mind on.

When you use this phrase, it helps you persevere until you reach your goals. If your goals seem overwhelming, consider setting small instead of large ones. Then, implement this daily affirmation to help you focus on each small step.

Without a positive self-perception, it will be harder to reach your goals. Pushing through obstacles and taking the next step requires stepping out of your comfort zone. You must be comfortable with who you are to take the chances, but you can achieve anything.

  1. I deserve kindness and respect from myself and others.

Acknowledging that you deserve respect can make all the difference in improving how you view yourself. Set boundaries in your life and demand respect from the people in your life. Demand respect from yourself, too, because it’s essential for building self-esteem.

If you aren’t sure how to respect yourself, think about how you treat a friend. Treat yourself with the same level of kindness you would treat your friends. Come back to this positive phrase if you find yourself saying negative things.

  1. I am becoming a better version of myself each day.

You’re becoming a better person each day, even if you don’t see the small changes along the way. When you remember that you get better all the time, you’ll have more confidence in yourself.

You’ll improve in all areas of your life as you learn and develop. You’ll become a better friend, family member, employee, leader, and so much more. Don’t downplay your daily tasks because they are helping you grow into the person you’re supposed to be.

  1. I have so much to offer the world.

Everyone is different offers various things to the world. Don’t beat yourself up because you don’t have the same strengths as those around you. Instead, embrace your strengths and positive characteristics.

When you embrace who you are, you’ll see how much you have to offer the world. Repeat this positive phrase each morning to remember how great you are.

  1. I am assertive and feel comfortable standing up for myself.

If you don’t have good self-perception, you’ll struggle to be assertive and stand up for yourself. However, doing these things is essential to building your self-esteem and achieving your full potential. If you struggle with being assertive, this affirmation can change your life.

While it takes time and practice to become assertive and stand up for yourself, you can make it a positive habit. The more often you repeat this positive phrase, the quicker it’ll help you.

self-perception

  1. I know that I am a good person.

Criticizing yourself can cause you to feel like you aren’t a good person. It happens to everyone, but you must address your negative thought process. Use this positive phrase each morning to remember how great you are.

This phrase will also help you see what you can offer to those around you. Plus, it encourages you to eliminate negative thinking and have positive thoughts instead.

  1. I surround myself with successful and happy people because they inspire me.

The people you spend your time around play a role in how you view yourself. If you spend most of your time with unsuccessful and negative people, it’ll start to affect your life.

Choose people who work hard to reach their goals and focus on the good in their life. They’ll inspire you to be a better person, helping to improve your self-perception.

  1. I acknowledge what I am capable of in life.

The first step in improving how you view yourself is acknowledging that you are capable of great things. This reminder can help you look within to find the tools it’ll take to reach your goals. You’ll want to implement this positive phrase if you ever experience negative thoughts about not accomplishing something.

  1. I am exactly who I am supposed to be.

If you ever compare yourself to other people, you will likely suffer from a lack of self-esteem. Your self-perception might be negative because you aren’t living the same way as someone else. When this is a problem for you, this is an affirmation that can help.

You aren’t supposed to be like anyone else. Embrace the things that make you different because they are the qualities that make you who you are. Using this positive phrase can help you remember that you are exactly who you are supposed to be.

  1. I am happy with the person I am and content with my life.

When you’re happy with who you are and how your life is going, you’ll experience positive self-perception. Repeat this affirmation until you begin to see how good you have it. While no one’s life is perfect, you can experience happiness and contentment if you refocus your thoughts.

  1. I deserve kind and supportive people in my life.

This affirmation will help you eliminate toxic people from your life. If you have anyone who doesn’t treat or support you kindly, it’s time to let them go. As the positive phrase says, you deserve kindness and support from everyone around you.

Surround yourself with positive people who will be there for you. As you focus on developing a strong support system, continue using this phrase.

  1. I have many strengths and use them to my advantage.

You won’t have the same talents as other people in your life, but you still have plenty of strengths. When you acknowledge these strengths, you can use them to your advantage and feel better about yourself. Putting your talents to work and improving your life will quickly improve how you view yourself.

  1. I am open to healthy and positive relationships.

The people you spend your time with play a role in how you view yourself. To have a positive self-perception, you must have meaningful and fulfilling relationships.

This affirmation will help you attract the type of people who inspire you. As you embrace these new relationships, you’ll start limiting your time with negative people. Then, you can view yourself as the great person you are and improve your self-esteem.

affirmations

Final Thoughts on These Daily Affirmations Can Improve Your Self-Perception

These daily affirmations can quickly improve your self-perception. The more often you say the positive phrases, the better their effect is on your life. Don’t take a day for granted when it comes to improving your self-esteem because opportunities can come anytime.

Implement these positive phrases into your morning routine. You don’t have to use them all at once, but choose a few to help you shift your mindset. It’s best to say them out loud, but you can repeat them in your mind if necessary.

Before you know it, you’ll think of these phrases randomly throughout the day. They’ll help you stay on track and maintain a positive self-perception no matter what happens. Don’t waste any time implementing these phrases into your daily routine.

Science Explains How Goji Berries Can Preserve Eyesight

A new study by University of California Davis researchers reveals that dried goji berries could help age-related vision loss. Frequent consumption of the berries could prevent or slow the development of age-related macular degeneration, or AMD.

In older people, AMD causes more vision loss than any other condition. It’s the third leading cause of blindness globally, affecting over 11 million adults in the US and 170 million worldwide.

“AMD affects your central field of vision and can affect your ability to read or recognize faces,” said Glenn Yiu, a study co-author and an associate professor in the Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences.

Study Proves That Dried Goji Berries May Reduce Age-Related Vision Loss

vision loss

Researchers conducted a small, randomized trial with 13 healthy middle-aged participants (aged 45 to 65) at UC Davis. The volunteers ate 28 grams (about a handful) of goji berries five times weekly for 90 days.

After the study period, the density of protective pigments such as lutein and zeaxanthin in their eyes significantly increased. These pigments filter out dangerous blue light and boost antioxidant production. Both of these pigments help protect against age-related vision loss.

“Lutein and zeaxanthin are like sunscreen for your eyes,” said lead author Xiang Li, a doctoral candidate in the Nutritional Biology Program.

“The higher the lutein and zeaxanthin in your retina, the more protection you have. Our study found that even in normal healthy eyes, these optical pigments can be increased with a small daily serving of goji berries,” said Li.

On the other hand, 14 participants who consumed an eye health supplement over the same period didn’t see any improvement.  The study results have been published in the journal Nutrients.

Goji Berries Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Goji berries grow on two species of shrub bushes native to northwest China: Lycium chinense and Lycium barbarum. They have a sweet, slightly sour taste and have been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years. They’re a key component of many Chinese soups and herbal teas and are often eaten as a snack.

According to Chinese medicine, goji berries have “eye brightening” qualities, which help slow age-related vision loss. Since Li grew up in northern China, she wanted to investigate how the powerful berries impacted eye health.

“Many types of eye diseases exist, so it is not clear which disease ‘eye brightening’ is targeting,” said Li.

First, she researched the bioactive compounds in goji berries and found they possessed high lutein and zeaxanthin levels. These powerful antioxidants help reduce the risk of age-related vision loss such as AMD.

Li also discovered that goji berries contain a highly bioavailable form of zeaxanthin. This means that the digestive system can easily absorb it so the body can utilize it.

Causes and Treatment for Age-Related Vision Loss, Like Macular Degeneration

Currently, treatment for moderate cases of AMD calls for specialized dietary supplements called AREDS. These contain vitamins C, E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Currently, no therapy specifically targets macular degeneration in its earliest stages. IT CAN BE DIFFICULT TO DIAGNOSE because AMD doesn’t present with symptoms at first. However, doctors can detect it and other eye issues during a regular eye check-up.

According to Yiu, many complex factors contribute to the development of age-related vision loss. These include genetic vulnerability, age-related changes, and lifestyle factors like smoking, diet, and sun exposure.

“Our study shows goji berries, which are a natural food source, can improve macular pigments of healthy participants beyond taking high-dose nutritional supplements,” said Yiu. “The next step for our research will be to examine goji berries in patients with early-stage AMD.”

The authors note that while the results are encouraging, more studies are needed to confirm the results.

However, one other study in 114 people with early macular degeneration showed improvements with goji berry supplements. They took a daily supplement for 90 days and showed greater macular pigment density, slowing AMD’s progression.

Other Ways to Slow or Prevent Age-Related Vision Loss

If you want healthier eyes, follow these tips from the National Institute on Aging:

  • Wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat when you’re outdoors in the sun. Even on cloudy or winter days, the sun can still damage your eyes, so protect them year-round.
  • Quit smoking, as it can increase the risk of age-related vision loss and diseases like AMD or cataracts.
  • Maintain a healthy diet full of fresh fruits and vegetables. Goji berries, blueberries, carrots, leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, eggs, and salmon have high antioxidant levels and fatty acids that promote eye health.
  • Get regular exercise and lose weight if needed.
  • Manage blood pressure and diabetes (if you have it), as both conditions can contribute to age-related vision loss.
  • Take breaks every twenty minutes if you’re on the computer for long hours. Get up, walk around, and look at objects far away to give your eyes a break.
  • Have a yearly eye exam. Since most people don’t have symptoms in the early stages of eye diseases, they often go undetected. However, an ophthalmologist or optometrist can find and treat problems before they become unmanageable. If you’re fifty or older, you should have a dilated eye exam annually, where your doctor can examine your eyes more closely.

goji berries

Final Thoughts on Study Showing that Goji Berries Improve Vision

As you get older, you’re more vulnerable to health problems such as age-related vision loss. However, a new study by UC Davis found that goji berries could preserve eye health and protect against diseases like macular degeneration. After 90 days, participants had higher levels of the protective pigments lutein and zeaxanthin in their eyes.

Another study found that participants taking a goji berry supplement also had more macular pigment. However, in the first study, those who took a supplement showed no improvement. Therefore, it’s probably best to eat goji berries naturally before trying other options. Either way, the research proves the power of goji berries, and we can all benefit from their healing properties.

The 8 Different Types of Dementia According to Science

When people think of dementia, they often think about Alzheimer’s disease, but that is only one of eight types of dementia. It’s an umbrella term for memory, language, and thinking loss that interferes with someone’s daily life. However, dementia means the brain isn’t functioning well, including many types.

Experts say some types of dementia are treatable or reversible, but others are permanent. Learning about the different types can help you identify conditions in your or your loved ones early on. With early detection, there is a better chance of slowing the brain’s decline, and it offers more time for making healthcare decisions.

Dementia is likely to worsen over time, no matter which type. However, learning about the different types can help slow the progress as you’ll know how to ease the symptoms.

Scientists Explain the Eight Different Types of Dementia

Don’t lose hope if you or a loved one is diagnosed with one of these types of dementia. There are treatment options available, making early detection essential. The treatment will depend on the type of dementia, so pay attention to the differences to get started.

types of dementia

1. Lewy Body Dementia

Lewy body dementia is a common type of dementia, affecting nearly 1.4 million Americans. It’s more common in people older than 50, but getting it at a younger age isn’t unheard of. With Lewy body dementia, proteins form clumps around the nerve cells responsible for memory, motor control, and thinking.

Some days will be better than others, and it might even seem like the person is back to normal. Then, there will be days when they are out of it, and it’s hard to see who they are.

Symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia

The symptoms of Lewy body dementia depend on where the clumps form first. The symptoms include:

  • Visual hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Acting out their dreams
  • Impaired memory
  • Inability to plan activities
  • Difficulty making decisions
  • Blanking out
  • Unusual and unexplained sleepiness
  • Unable to process information
  • Inability to pay attention
  • Lack of alertness

As the condition worsens, the patient might also suffer from the symptoms of Parkinson’s. These symptoms include the following indicators:

  • Rigid muscles
  • Tremors
  • Difficulty walking
  • Fluctuating moods and awareness

2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

This disease is rare, affecting around 350 Americans each year. While it doesn’t occur often, it is fast-moving and fatal. An infectious protein causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the brain, causing normal proteins to misfold into abnormal shapes.

The infectious protein can be inherited, but it can also come from eating the meat of an infected animal. Additionally, it can come from a medical procedure when an infected tissue gets implanted in the body.

Symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

The symptoms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease progress quickly, resulting in a rapid decline in the patient’s health. Watch for the following signs early on:

  • Depression
  • Mood swings
  • Confusion
  • Agitation
  • Difficulties with memory
  • Poor judgment
  • Trouble walking
  • Muscle twitches
  • Involuntary movements
  • Hallucinations
  • Blindness

3. Alzheimer’s Disease (probably the best-known type of dementia)

This disease is the most common type of dementia, making up 60-80% of the cases. It occurs when plaques in the brain destroy brain cells and their connections.

The plaques can start developing many years before you experience any symptoms. Alzheimer’s symptoms typically begin when someone is in their 60s or 70s, but, in rare cases, it can happen sooner.

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease

The symptoms typically progress steadily over several years. At first, it might seem like typical instances of a terrible memory, but you’ll notice a decline over time. The symptoms include:

  • Forgetfulness
  • Repeating things many times, sometimes in the same conversation
  • Being unable to retain new information
  • Confusion performing simple tasks
  • Getting lost
  • Memory loss
  • Difficulty making plans
  • Frequently losing things
  • Mood swings and personality changes

As the disease progresses, the symptoms worsen. Then, you’ll want to watch for:

  • Confusion about the time of day
  • Difficulty following a conversation
  • Forgetting the names of loved ones
  • A decline in the ability to speak
  • Issues with walking
  • A struggle with eating without assistance

4. Huntington’s Disease

Huntington’s disease is an inherited brain disorder passed down through the Huntington gene. It is progressive and affects the part of the brain that affects movement, behavior, and mood. This disease affects nearly 40,000 Americans, and there is a 50-50 chance of passing it to the patient’s child.

Symptoms of Huntington’s Disease

The symptoms typically begin between thirty and fifty years old, but you might recognize them earlier or later. Symptoms vary based on the severity of the disease, but patients will likely experience them all at some point. The symptoms include:

  • Difficulties planning and organizing
  • Having a hard time remembering things
  • Struggling to stay on task
  • Being unable to hold a cup steady
  • Involuntary movements
  • Slurred speech
  • Abnormal twisting of body parts, including the arm, knee, or foot
  • Memory loss
  • Lack of judgment

types of dementia

5. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A thiamine deficiency causes this degenerative brain disease. Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, can be lost due to long-term alcoholism. Severe weight loss or anorexia can also cause low levels of thiamine.

Symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

People with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome can do a good job holding a social conversation. Many people won’t even recognize that anything is wrong at first. However, when symptoms appear, they include:

  • Memory loss
  • Vision problems
  • Lack of concentration
  • Disorientation
  • Ataxia
  • The inability to coordinate voluntary movement
  • Inability to retain information
  • Making up portions of their memories that they can’t recall

6. Vascular Dementia

This type of dementia is the second most common type, accounting for about 15-20% of cases. It occurs when blood flow is blocked from part of the brain. The blockage deprives the neurons of oxygen and damages or kills the cells.

Vascular dementia often occurs after a significant stroke but can also happen after a series of small strokes or transient ischemic attacks. It can also come from a brain hemorrhage or narrowing blood vessels. People over 65 are most commonly affected by vascular dementia, and the risk increases with age.

Symptoms of Vascular Dementia

The symptoms vary depending on the severity of the situation. When a stroke has taken place, it depends on which part of the brain was affected. Additionally, when one symptom sets in, it’ll likely stabilize for a bit before worsening.

The symptoms include:

  • Difficulties with language
  • Inability to pay attention
  • Inappropriate emotional outbursts
  • Poor planning
  • Judgment
  • Memory loss
  • Confusion or agitation
  • Impaired motor skills
  • Depression
  • Loss of bladder control
  • Hallucinations
  • Trouble speaking
  • Problems recognizing common sights and sounds
  • Personality shifts
  • Frequent falls

7. Frontotemporal Dementia

This type of dementia is less common as it affects only 60,000 Americans yearly. However, when people under 60 are diagnosed with dementia, frontotemporal dementia is the most common cause.

Frontotemporal dementia occurs when proteins attack the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. These lobes are responsible for behavior, language, and motor function.

Symptoms of Frontotemporal Dementia

Frontotemporal Dementia starts in the frontal lobe, so it often affects mood and behavior first. Early on, it is often confused for a psychiatric disorder, but the symptoms escalate over time. Some of the symptoms include:

  • Aggression
  • Apathetic behavior
  • A lack of empathy
  • Unexplained personality and behavior changes
  • Inappropriate language
  • Acting out sexually
  • Unusual cravings and eating habits
  • Compulsions
  • Problems with speaking
  • Trouble writing
  • Decrease in comprehension skills
  • Muscle weakness and atrophy

8. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal pressure hydrocephalus affects around 700,000 Americans, but only about twenty percent receive a correct diagnosis. It is a type of dementia that can be treated when caught early on, but it is often mistaken for other dementia types or normal aging.

Normal pressure hydrocephalus occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the brain’s cavities. The fluid enlarges the cavities and interferes with brain tissue. It can happen when you hit your head on something or have some blood in your spinal fluid from infection or trauma.

These situations can prevent the area from draining well. In other instances, it might be that the patient is overproducing fluid but not draining it as quickly. This condition can be treated with a shunt, draining the fluid from your brain into the abdomen.

Symptoms of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus is often diagnosed after a head injury, trauma, or infection. The cause is often unknown, but the symptoms tend to be the same despite what happened. The symptoms include:

  • Urinary incontinence
  • Difficulty with balance
  • Trouble walking
  • Cognitive problems
  • Short-term memory loss
  • Mood changes
  • Difficulty making decisions
  • Having a hard time performing tasks

Diagnosing The Different Types of Dementia

When a doctor diagnoses which type of dementia a patient has, they will collect information. The information will include the patient’s family health history, current symptoms, when the condition began, and the rate of progression.

Additionally, the patient might have blood tests, an MRI, a CT scan, or a spinal tap. Sometimes, the doctor will request a neuropsychological assessment assessing the patient’s ability to draw shapes and remember details. These tests will help narrow down which type of dementia a patient has.

brain

Final Thoughts on Understanding the Eight Types of Dementia

Most people have heard of this brain disorder, but not many realize that there are eight types dementia. Once you know the different types of dementia, you have a better chance of recognizing it in you or your loved ones.

Watch for the symptoms and make a note to share with the doctor. A doctor can help slow the progress or start treatment when possibDon’ton’t waste time wondering if something is wrong when you can use this information to help you identify an issue.

Science Explains What Happens in the Brain During a Migraine

It’s estimated that around one billion people suffer from migraine headaches globally. This volume makes it the third most prevalent illness, behind tooth decay and tension-type headaches. A migraine headache is not your run-of-the-mill pain, however. Instead, it is a neurological (brain) disease that can have severe symptoms.

If you’ve ever had a migraine headache, you know how debilitating and painful they feel. They differ from everyday headaches that tend to pass quickly and easily. Migraines frequently occur due to complex neurological changes in some brain regions. The headaches can last from hours to days and may impact daily activities depending on severity.

Eight Common Symptoms of a Migraine Headache

While symptoms vary from person to person, these are general signs of a migraine:

  1. intense, pounding headache
  2. nausea
  3. vomiting
  4. trouble speaking
  5. light sensitivity
  6. fatigue
  7. sleep disruptions
  8. visual disturbances such as bright lines, flashing dots, or lights

Migraines can include any of these symptoms, though a throbbing, pulsing headache happens most frequently. However, migraine sufferers can experience many symptoms, and some may not have a headache. However, most people will notice strange sensations in the days leading up to a migraine.

migraine headache

Four Phases of a Migraine Headache

Changes in the brain can occur a few hours or even days before a migraine. Migraines tend to happen in four phases: prodrome (preheadache phase), aura, headache, and postdrome (migraine aftermath). Nearly 30% of people will experience symptoms before the migraine onset.

  1. This first phase can last a few hours or days. Not everyone will experience it because it may not occur each time. It’s also called the “preheadache” or “premonitory” phase. Common symptoms include difficulty concentrating, irritability, depression, trouble speaking, sleep disruptions, nausea, fatigue, light and sound sensitivity, food cravings, muscle stiffness, and increased urination.
  2. Aura: The aura phase may last between five minutes and an hour. Auras impact sensory, motor, and speech functions and are a warning sign of an impending migraine. They typically happen before a migraine but can also occur during or after. Only about 15-20% of people with migraines experience auras. Aura symptoms can include:
  • Blind spots in your vision
  • Seeing bright, flashing lines, dots, or lights
  • Numbness or tingling
  • Difficulty speaking or slurred speech
  • Ringing in your ears (tinnitus)
  • Temporary vision loss
  • Seeing zigzagging lines
  • Changes in smell or taste
  • A “funny” feeling
  1. Headache: A migraine headache can last anywhere from four to 72 hours. However, the term “headache” is a vast understatement because most people with migraines consider them debilitating. Some people experience it only on one side, but it can affect the head. Other symptoms during this stage include hypersensitivity, speech changes, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, tender scalp, and pale skin. You may also experience dizziness, blurred vision, sweating, and chills.
  2. Postdrome: The postdrome stage may last for one or two days. It’s sometimes referred to as a migraine “hangover,” and about 80% of migraine sufferers experience it. Symptoms include the inability to concentrate, depression, fatigue, comprehension problems, and euphoria.

migraine headache

What Happens in the Brain During a Migraine Headache

During the prodrome phase, the warning signs of migraine occur due to changes in the hypothalamus. Typically, the hypothalamus keeps our hormones balanced, controls thirst signals, and maintains circadian rhythm. However, brain signals controlling these functions are disrupted because it’s more active during the days leading up to a migraine.

People experience transitory visual, speech, and motor disturbances in the aura phase. These sensations happen due to changes in electrical waves across cell membranes. It can spread quickly across the brain to the visual cortex, affecting blood flow and causing blind spots or other aura symptoms.

During the third or headache phase, changes in the trigeminal nerve occur. This nerve transmits sensory information like touch, temperature, and pain from your face to your brain. It also sends signals to the scalp and blood vessels near the cerebral cortex. When a migraine headache occurs, this nerve becomes overly active, which increases pain sensitivity. Even activities such as bending over or coughing, or sensations like light and sound, can seem excruciating.

What Causes a Migraine Headache?

Even though migraines are pretty standard, it’s still unknown precisely what causes them. Scientists only know that specific nerves in the blood vessels send pain signals to your brain. However, why the nerves respond that way is still a mystery. More research on the brain areas affected during migraines – the brainstem, cerebral hemispheres, and the nerves.

Certain factors such as genetics, gender, and stress can increase your likelihood of migraines. Around 80% of people with migraines have a family history of the disease. Also, women are three times as likely as men to have migraines. Women between 15 and 55 experience migraine headaches more often due to hormonal fluctuations. Finally, heightened emotional stress can trigger a migraine because of increased cortisol.

It’s also been observed that people with migraines tend to have comorbidities such as depression, panic disorder, strokes, and sleep disorders. It’s unclear whether migraines cause these illnesses or vice versa; however, scientists believe genetics plays a crucial role. Still, they haven’t been able to identify any gene in particular that causes migraines.

They know that specific genes control our sensitivity to environmental stimuli, which determines our pain response. Perhaps the neurons in the brains of migraine sufferers respond more strongly to environmental stimuli, leading to increased sensitivity.

These unanswered questions about migraine headache causes warrant more research in the future. However, people who suffer from migraines experience complex changes in their brains.

brain

Final Thoughts on Brain Changes that Occur During a Migraine

Anyone who gets migraine headaches can attest to how unbearable they are. Despite being the third most common illness globally, it’s unclear what causes these painful headaches. Scientists know that changes in specific brain areas, such as the hypothalamus and cerebral hemispheres, can trigger them. However, they’re still unsure what causes the nerves to send pain signals to the brain.

Hopefully, we’ll have more answers on the mechanisms driving these headaches in the future. Knowing the cause would improve treatment plans and perhaps cure migraines altogether. Doctors prescribe pain medications for severe migraines or recommend over-the-counter pain relievers for mild symptoms.

Science Explains How a Healthy Immune System Works

A healthy immune system is a central part of survival and protection. It includes many organs throughout the body’s vast tissue and cell network. The function of the system is simple in concept but complex in detail. It must identify threats to the body, differentiate them from healthy objects, and eradicate unwanted intruders.

The overall function of the immune system can be tough to understand. It’s hard to comprehend the incredibly nuanced behaviors the system undergoes to protect you effectively. What’s the secret? What’s going on in your body?

Here’s how a healthy immune system works!

1.      White Blood Cells

White blood cells are crucial for the most significant roles in immune system responses. They can be found throughout the body, using lymphatic and blood vessels to travel around. A healthy immune system has plenty of white blood cells and can produce new ones.

Also known as leukocytes, white blood cells focus on seeking out pathogens and harmful microorganisms. When they detect these unwanted items, they multiply to meet these responses. They then send signals out to various other cells about the unwanted intruder.

healthy immune system

How Pathogens Impact  a Healthy Immune System

To destroy pathogens, white blood cells in a healthy immune system:

  • Are capable of recognizing pathogens quickly
  • Multiple and bind themselves to pathogens, thus completely engulfing them
  • Using various natural chemicals to destroy the pathogens

For the most part, white blood cells can quickly detect harmful germs. But some pathogens can be harder to see and can slip unnoticed, harming you and making you very ill.

How The Body Stores White Blood Cells

While white blood cells can travel throughout most of the body, they are stored in:

  • Bone marrow, that is, the fluid in the middle of bones
  • The thymus, which is a gland beneath the neck nestled between the lungs
  • Lymph nodes are small glands connected by lymphatic vessels throughout the body
  • The spleen is a blood-filtering organ just above the abdomen and to the left

There are two primary white blood cells in a healthy immune system. The first is called a phagocyte. These cells are responsible for surrounding, engulfing, and breaking down pathogens. To a degree, they “eat” the germs they’re trying to eliminate. Types of phagocytes include:

  • Macrophages, which remove dying and dead cells and seek out pathogens
  • Mas cells, have numerous different jobs that include anti-pathogen defense and wound healing
  • Monocytes, which are very large phagocytes with multiple jobs
  • Neutrophils, which are the most common phagocyte type and typically attack bacteria

But what, then, about the second type?

2.      The Role Of Lymphocytes

The second type of white blood cell is lymphocytes. These have a particular purpose in recognizing previous pathogens and attacking them should they appear again. This allows the body to “remember” the best way to tackle various microorganisms practically, and safely.

There are two different kinds of lymphocytes. The first type is called a B lymphocyte. This type of lymphocyte, also called a B-cell, remains in the bone marrow where it is created. They’re responsible for antibody production and carry alerts to other lymphocytes.

Antibodies are a kind of protein that binds antigens. Antigens are any pathogen that triggers an antibody response. When B-cells realize an invading antigen, antibodies mark that invader for the rest of the immune system to find and destroy it.

Common Antibodies Include The Following:

  • IgA, protects orifices in the body by existing in fluids like saliva and tears
  • IgD, which remains with B-cells to help kick-start immune responses
  • IgE, which protects you from parasites but also triggers allergies and allergic reactions
  • IgG, or immunoglobulin, marks various microorganisms for other cells to handle
  • IgM, which kills bacteria

The second type of lymphocyte is T-lymphocytes or T-cells. After creation, these cells travel to the thymus and focus on altering leukocytes and destroying intruder cells. Helper T-cells do the former role, while killer T-cells perform the latter.

Lymphocytes of all kinds also release chemicals known as cytokines. These molecules are designed to signal various body parts and are involved in immune responses differently. A healthy immune system’s cytokines include chemokines, interferons, interleukins, and lymphokines. These cytokines affect lymphocytes and other cells by stimulating inflammatory responses.

Inflammation at this controlled level is crucial for repairing tissue, fighting antigens, and dealing with infections. This is why, for example, fevers are a typical response to the presence of an unwanted virus. Inflammation helps to strengthen the immune system when it needs that extra kick.

It is worth noting, of course, that chronic inflammation is unhealthy and can cause numerous different issues in the body. As with all things, an excess of this response will harm you more than help you.

healthy immune system

3.      The Types of Immunity

Each person has a different immune system, but for the most part, a healthy immune system will become stronger over time. This is why children are more prone to illness than adults. This is because the immune system is good at handling antigens it has already encountered.

Kids who get sick are exposed to many different pathogens that their body has to learn to fight. These germs and microorganisms are remembered by the body, allowing a better, more robust response in the future.

Eventually, repeated exposure to an antigen can cause the body to develop immunity to that particular intruder. Essentially, your white blood cells will be able to destroy the antigen the second it sees it. This is most obvious in cases like chickenpox, where if you get the disease once, your body doesn’t get it again.

This impressive defense is known as immunity. There are three kinds:

·         Innate Immunity

Human beings are naturally born with some level of immunity. This allows them to fight primary germs and pathogens that may harm other animals or living creatures. The human body cannot get certain diseases, even with direct exposure, except in sporadic cases. Studies show that this is due to unique pattern recognition receptors as immune sensing.

·         Adaptive Immunity

Also known as acquired immunity, this refers to immunity learned through exposure over time. It may come from sickness or vaccinations. Some people call this immunological memory, as it’s an example of a healthy immune system capable of remembering past intruders’ faces. Studies show that this involves the identification of “signature” features of various antigens.

·         Passive Immunity

This type of immunity is temporary and comes from quick sources. The most obvious example of this is in babies. Babies can receive immunity from specific antigens by consuming antibodies through breast milk. They lose that immunity when they are weaned off the milk or don’t consume it for a while.

4.      Disorders That Affect The Immune System

Not everyone has a healthy immune system; several conditions can affect the body’s natural defenses. These include the following conditions:

·         Allergies

A healthy immune system responds to allergens by expelling them and quickly removing them. Allergy diseases, however, because that response can dial up to 11. The severity of such allergies can even become life-threatening in some cases.

·         Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune disorders occur when B-cells misidentify threats, producing autoantibodies. Autoantibodies attack the body instead of invader cells, thus making you fight your body by considering things like organs, cells, and tissues unfamiliar invaders. On the other hand, a healthy immune system can fight off this attack.

·         Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency refers to an under-activity of the immune system. This can cause a genetically inherited disease, such as SCID, or occur due to diseases like cancer or HIV. It can also come from specific medical treatments and medications, like chemotherapy.

Individuals with these disorders will need special treatment and unique considerations to keep themselves safe and healthy.

cells

Final Thoughts On How A Healthy Immune System Works

The human immune system is an essential part of the survival of our species. Without it, we would be highly vulnerable to various diseases and illnesses. Therefore, we would have likely gone extinct a long time ago!

Psychology Explains Why Bullies Control Conversations In A Relationship

Do you know a bully who uses manipulation to control conversations and silence others? Is your partner one of these toxic people?

Our understanding of abuse and abusers goes further and further every day. As times change, we’ve learned about toxic relationships and how abusers control conversations, prey on their victims, and enact their will on others. Gone are the days when we assume that only physical abuse counts as a severe problem. We have a greater understanding of the subtleties of abuse and control.

Studies show that control is a critical factor in abusive relationships and situations. Toxic people feel the need to control, successfully manipulate, blackmail, and abuse those around them. Think about it: if you’re not under someone’s control, their power over you significantly diminishes.

But control is a complex thing. In fact, it’s not always apparent that someone’s trying to exercise control over another. In close relationships, especially romantic partnerships, the line between guidance, communication, and control can blur when an abusive person learns to be subtle. They know small ways to steer their partner in a harmless way but is causing a significantly toxic dynamic and harming that partner.

So, how can someone accurately detect when someone exerts this control over others? The first step is noticing how a partner controls the narrative, thus revealing a toxic nature. When you see through a bullying partner’s lies, facades, and sneaky methods, everything else becomes much more apparent. Here’s how people control conversations to bully their partners into compliance.

1.      They Control Conversations By Shifting Blame

A healthy relationship involves people willing to admit their mistakes and take accountability for them. There are no situations where a balanced relationship will have only one person always “in the wrong.” The truth is that there are always ways both parties can work together to improve and further their relationship.

But abusers never want to admit their faults. They want to shift that onto everyone else to avoid blame. In a relationship, they’ll push responsibility to bully their partners out of asking for their accountability. They’ll make their partner believe they’re innocent of controlling conversations and deflecting blame to escape likely consequences. This happens in the following ways:

conversations

·         They Make It Their Partner’s Fault

This is the most common way an abuser will try to control a conversation. When conflict arises, they’ll reframe scenarios to blame their partner. Sure, they were responsible for doing the laundry, but have you considered that they’ve had a terrible week? How could you dare to expect them to perform that responsibility? And sure, you said you felt uncomfortable with how they were constantly ogling their ex but isn’t that your fault for being so insecure? And yeah, they were mean to your best friend, but you should know they don’t like social situations, so it’s your fault for expecting otherwise! This is how abusers twist problems to blame their partners, even in ridiculous ways.

·         They Blame Other People

Abusers always act as if they’re powerless. Ironically, this is the behavior that often gives them the most power. They’ll work like the world is against them. They will say that their actions and behavior result from external factors, saying that once those factors are gone, they’ll behave much differently. They’ll point fingers at everyone and everything, pretending they have no role in these circumstances. They control conversations so their partner unites against an imagined enemy.

·         They Appeal To Your Emotions To Control Conversations

Even when something is an abuser’s fault, they’ll find a way to appeal to your emotions, so you let things lie. They’ll cry about how hard their week has been, mention their mental health struggles, or talk about wanting to harm themselves. Besides that, they will sob about how they’ll never be worthy of their partner or how nothing they do will ever be enough for the relationship. They’ll say outlandish, extreme things so that their partner’s instinct is to comfort them. Even though they’ve technically admitted fault here, they’ve made it so that this fault seems excusable. Their partner might even feel guilty for making them have this ultimately fake emotional reaction. At its core, this is just another way of playing the victim.

Some abusers go above simply deflecting blame. They also gaslight partners by entirely and utterly reframing different scenarios. The goal is to make their partner question their perception of reality. They may treat their partner like crazy, be overly sensitive, or misremember details.

2.      To Control Conversations, They Flood Partners With Negativity

Constructive criticism has a place in a relationship when delivered respectfully and positively. But abusers aren’t looking to be respectful. They want to control conversations, which they can achieve via verbal abuse and bullying. They’ll flood their partner with negativity, leaving them vulnerable and hurt to maintain power.

Research shows that verbal abuse can have a vast negative effect on self-esteem and mental well-being. Abusers are very good at starting their verbal abuse in small ways that only slightly unravel their partners’ confidence. Over time, their words escalate in severity and negativity, and due to the unraveling mentioned above, their partners feel like they deserve that negativity. An abuser may control conversations through negativity in the following ways:

·         They’re Never Satisfied

An abuser’s partner will often try their best to earn the validation and approval of the abuser, finally picking apart their self-esteem. Abusers cement their bullying by intentionally refusing to be satisfied. No matter what their partner talks about, they control conversations, pointing out something wrong in everything their partner says. Their partner, in turn, shrinks more and more.

conversations

·         They Frame Cruelty As Honesty

Honesty can be painful, and sometimes, we must speak brutal truths. But abusers don’t do this in any constructive way. They intentionally speak as cruelly and harshly as possible to cut to their partner’s core. They control conversations with this unnecessary cruelty. They say they’re only being honest when called out on this bullying behavior. They insist that it’s for their partner’s good and that they only say what they must. Partners under their control will believe them.

·         They Insult Their Partners To Control Conversations

There’s a difference between consensually “insulting” banter and insults that leave their partners feeling small. An abuser can control a conversation by dolling out a well-timed insult that cuts to their partner’s core. They often do this, mentioning these criticisms so often that it becomes a regular part of a conversation with them. Over time, their partner gets used to this and accepts it, not realizing that each insult damages them deeply.

3.      They Refuse To Engage to Control Conversations

When an abuser finds themself in interactions with their partner that they don’t want to be a part of, they control conversations by simply not engaging. According to research, this is a stonewalling tactic–a common predictor of the end of a relationship.

Stonewalling can take many different forms, and it can happen accidentally. But abusers use this mechanism to escape a conversation they don’t want. This is because they want to discuss this on their terms or want the subject to be dropped. They may do this in the following ways:

·         Silent Treatment

An abuser may completely ignore their partner to control conversations. By giving them the cold shoulder, an abuser can force their partner into a hopeless situation. Since they’re not going to engage until the topic plays out or their partner apologizes, the abuser manages to “win” on their terms.

·         They Control Conversations By Shutting Down Communication

In the middle of an argument, an abuser may stop responding and walk away for no discernable reason. They’ll offer no communication about what they’re doing or why. It’s like being ghosted but face-to-face. It’s worth noting that there’s nothing wrong with taking a break during a heated conflict to recollect your thoughts. But that’s not what an abuser in this scenario is doing. They’re intentionally derailing to get their way and control conversations, not taking a breather. They demand only to discuss things on their terms.

·         Treating A Partner “Oddly”

An abuser might get their message across to their partner by treating them “oddly” whenever a particular topic arises. They’ll suddenly act strange or antagonistic while insisting nothing’s wrong. This conditions their partner to try and avoid that subject to avoid the sudden “weird” treatment. This treatment can include not making eye contact, withholding affection, or physically distancing themselves.

·         Acting Like Their Partner Needs To Be Disengaged From

When an abuser feels that their partner is finally building the courage to call them out properly, they’ll quickly get their gaslighting going. They’ll act as if their partner behaves erratically or in a “crazy” or sensitive way. They’ll disengage while performing like the rational, level-headed person, saying they’re going to let their partner.

bully

Final Thoughts On How Toxic People Control Conversations To Bully Their Partners

Abusers find different ways to control conversations to bully their partners. They’ll change narratives so they must never accept the fault for any situation. Moreover, they will flood their partners with negativity and verbal abuse to erode their self-esteem and claim higher ground. They’ll refuse to engage until conversations are on their terms.

These aren’t the only ways that abusers may control conversations. There are many methods by which this kind of bullying can be done. An abuser’s goal is to control, and they’ll develop all sorts of behaviors to get their desired outcome. You must be alert to these mechanisms to avoid falling under their spell.

If you feel your partner is harming you this way, don’t hesitate to seek help. Talk to someone in your social circle or reach out to a professional. Throughout this process, keep yourself aware of your self-worth and the various control methods your partner may be using. And, above all else, stay safe!

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